Essential Winter Tree Care Checklist for Healthy Growth

Winter can be tough on trees. Cold temperatures, frost, and snow put stress on their branches and roots. Without proper care, trees may suffer damage that affects their health and growth in the spring. Taking a few simple steps during the colder months helps protect trees and sets them up for a strong growing season.

Snow-covered tree trunk showing bark texture

Check for Damaged or Weak Branches

Winter storms often bring heavy snow and ice that can break branches. Before the coldest weather hits, inspect your trees for any weak or damaged limbs. Look for:

• Cracks or splits in branches

• Dead or dying limbs with no leaves or buds

• Branches rubbing against each other

  
  

Remove these branches carefully with clean pruning tools. This prevents further damage and reduces the risk of broken limbs falling during storms. Pruning also helps the tree focus energy on healthy growth.

Protect Tree Roots from Freezing

Roots are vulnerable to freezing temperatures, especially in young or newly planted trees. Mulching around the base of the tree provides insulation and keeps soil temperature more stable. Use organic mulch such as wood chips or shredded bark and spread it in a 2-4 inch layer extending out to the drip line of the tree.

Avoid piling mulch directly against the trunk, as this can cause rot. Mulch also helps retain moisture, which trees need even in winter.

Water Trees During Dry Spells

Trees still need water in winter, especially evergreens that keep their leaves. Dry winter winds and frozen ground can cause dehydration. Check soil moisture regularly and water trees when the ground is not frozen and the weather is above 40°F (4°C).

Water deeply to reach roots, but avoid overwatering. Proper hydration helps trees survive winter stress and supports healthy growth in spring.

Wrap Young or Thin-Barked Trees

Some trees have thin bark that cracks easily in cold weather. Young trees are especially vulnerable to sunscald and frost cracks. Wrapping trunks with tree wrap or burlap protects the bark from temperature swings and animal damage.

Remove the wrap in early spring to prevent moisture buildup and allow the bark to breathe. Wrapping also deters rodents that may chew on bark during winter.

Young tree trunk wrapped with burlap for winter protection

Clear Snow and Ice Carefully

Heavy snow and ice can weigh down branches and cause breakage. After a snowfall, gently brush off snow from branches using a broom or your hand. Avoid shaking branches, which can cause them to snap.

Do not chip ice off branches, as this damages bark and wood. If ice accumulates heavily, wait for it to melt naturally. Clearing snow reduces stress on branches and prevents permanent damage.

Monitor for Signs of Disease or Pests

Winter is a good time to inspect trees for signs of disease or pests that may have overwintered. Look for:

• Cankers or oozing sap on bark

• Holes or tunnels in wood

• Unusual discoloration or fungal growth

  
  

If you notice any issues, consult a certified arborist for diagnosis and treatment options. Early detection helps protect tree health and prevents problems from spreading.

Plan for Spring Care

Winter is also a good time to plan your spring tree care. Consider:

• Fertilizing to replenish soil nutrients

• Additional pruning to shape trees and remove damaged wood

• Planting new trees or shrubs

  
  

Preparing ahead ensures you can act quickly when the growing season begins.